Table of Contents

  1. Welcome to Root Pages!
  2. init
    1. Introduction
    2. systemd
      1. File Locations
      2. Creating a Unit File
      3. Preset Files
      4. Enable Services on Boot
    3. History
    4. Bibliography
  3. Linux Kernel
    1. System Calls
    2. Capabilities
    3. Modules
      1. Configuration
    4. Schedulers
      1. Processor
      2. I/O
    5. Initial RAM File System
      1. Arch Linux
      2. RHEL
    6. Build
      1. Upstream
      2. Fedora
    7. Install
      1. Debian
    8. Troubleshooting
      1. Errors Messages
    9. History
    10. Bibliography
  4. Mail Servers
    1. Postfix
      1. Null Client Configuration
      2. Gateway Configuration
    2. History
    3. Bibliography
  5. Operating Systems
    1. Standard Software
    2. Arch Linux
    3. Debian
    4. Fedora
      1. Fedora Silverblue
    5. Gentoo
    6. Mandriva
    7. openSUSE Leap
    8. Top Distributions
    9. History
    10. Bibliography
  6. Package Managers
    1. Common Commands
    2. DEB
      1. Repositories
      2. Automatic Updates
      3. Ubuntu
    3. PKGBUILD
      1. Pacman
    4. RPM
      1. Repositories
      2. Fedora
      3. Exclude Package Updates
    5. Flatpak
    6. Troubleshooting
      1. Errors
    7. History
    8. Bibliography
  7. Performance Tuning
    1. Linux Kernel Version
    2. History
    3. Bibliography
  8. Ansible 2
    1. Introduction
      1. Editions
      2. Deprecations
    2. Installation
    3. Configuration
      1. Main
      2. Python 3
    4. Commands Usage
    5. Playbooks
      1. Tasks
      2. Directory Structure
      3. Performance Tuning
    6. Inventory
      1. Production and Staging
      2. Vault Encryption
      3. Dynamic
    7. Variables
      1. Magic Variables
    8. Modules
      1. Main Modules
      2. UNIX Modules
      3. Windows Modules
      4. Module Development
    9. Roles
      1. Galaxy
    10. Jinja2
      1. Variables
      2. Filters
      3. Comments
      4. Blocks
      5. Loops
    11. Plugins
    12. Containers
    13. Best Practices
    14. Python API
    15. Testing
      1. Ansible Lint
      2. Molecule
    16. Dashboards
      1. Ansible Tower 3
      2. AWX
      3. Rundeck
      4. Semaphore
      5. Tensor
    17. History
    18. Bibliography
  9. Puppet
    1. Introduction
    2. Installation
    3. Commands Usage
    4. Resources
      1. cron
      2. exec
      3. file
      4. group
      5. host
      6. mount
      7. notify
      8. package
      9. service
      10. ssh_authorized_keys
      11. user
      12. yumrepo
    5. Metaparameters
      1. before
      2. notify
      3. require
      4. subscribe
    6. Nodes
    7. Functions
    8. Variables
    9. History
    10. Bibliography
  10. Accessories
    1. USB Ports
    2. USB Devices
      1. Polling Frequency
      2. Gamepads
    3. History
    4. Bibliography
  11. Desktops
    1. Used Workstations
      1. Introduction
      2. Recommended Upgrades
    2. History
    3. Bibliography
  12. Electrical Equipment
    1. Wires
      1. Use-Cases
      2. Types
      3. Gauges
      4. Colors
    2. Relays
    3. History
    4. Bibliography
  13. Graphics Cards
    1. Linux Support
    2. Recommended VRAM Size
    3. Best Graphics Cards
      1. Legacy 32-bit
      2. Ray Tracing
      3. Best Supported
    4. Power Cables
      1. Introduction
      2. PCIe Power Only
    5. History
    6. Bibliography
  14. Laptops
    1. Brands
    2. Graphics Cards
      1. NVIDIA
    3. Battery
    4. Cooling
    5. History
    6. Bibliography
  15. Monitors
    1. Resolution
      1. Size
    2. Panel Technology
    3. Color Accuracy
    4. Contrast Ratio
    5. Brightness
    6. High Dynamic Range (HDR)
    7. Color Depth
    8. Refresh Rate
    9. Human Vision
    10. HDMI
    11. Movie Formats
    12. History
    13. Bibliography
  16. Networking
    1. Wi-Fi
      1. Brands
      2. Speed
    2. Virtualization
      1. GNS3
    3. History
    4. Bibliography
  17. Power Supply Units (PSUs)
    1. Cables
      1. Adapters
    2. History
    3. Bibliography
  18. Processors
    1. Simultaneous Multithreading (SMT)
    2. Recommended Number of Cores
    3. History
    4. Bibliography
  19. Random Access Memory (RAM)
    1. Recommended Size
    2. History
    3. Bibliography
  20. Storage Devices
    1. Types and Speed
    2. Average Size
    3. HDD Magnetic Recording
    4. NAND Flash Types
    5. Power Loss Protection (PLP)
    6. History
    7. Bibliography
  21. Webcams
    1. DSLR
      1. Photos
      2. Videos
    2. History
    3. Bibliography
  22. Desktop
    1. Display Managers
      1. Introduction
      2. Automatically Login User
      3. Default Session
    2. Window Managers
    3. Desktop Environments
      1. Introduction
      2. Cinnamon
      3. GNOME
      4. KDE
      5. Xfce
    4. Display Usage
      1. Rotate Screen
    5. Remote Access
      1. Comparison
      2. AnyDesk
      3. Parsec
    6. Image Processing
    7. History
    8. Bibliography
  23. Graphics Drivers
    1. Mesa
      1. List of Drivers
    2. AMD
      1. Installation
    3. NVIDIA
      1. Installation
      2. nvidia-xrun
    4. History
    5. Bibliography
  24. Gaming
    1. Steam
      1. Runtime
      2. Flatpak
      3. Proton (Steam Play)
      4. Steam Client Performance Tuning
      5. Disable Steam Client Updates
    2. Troubleshooting
      1. Error Messages
    3. History
    4. Bibliography
  25. Clustering and High Availability
    1. Introduction
    2. IP Virtual Server
    3. History
    4. Bibliography
  26. Content Management Systems (CMSs)
    1. Introduction
    2. Hugo
      1. Installation
      2. Configuration
    3. Jekyll
      1. Installation
      2. Themes
    4. History
    5. Bibliography
  27. Databases
    1. SQL
      1. MariaDB
    2. NoSQL
      1. Cassandra
    3. History
    4. Bibliography
  28. HTTP Servers
    1. Apache 2.4
      1. Configuration
      2. Virtual Hosts
      3. Files, Directories, and Locations
      4. Authentication
      5. CGI
      6. SELinux
    2. NGINX
      1. Configuration
    3. Squid
      1. Configuration
      2. Status Codes
      3. HTTPS
    4. OpenSSL
    5. History
    6. Bibliography
  29. DNS
    1. Introduction to DNS
      1. Domain Names
      2. Record Types
    2. CoreDNS
      1. Authoritative Server
      2. Recursive Server
    3. PowerDNS
      1. PowerAdmin
      2. gmysql
    4. History
    5. Bibliography
  30. Firewalls
    1. Fail2Ban
    2. Uncomplicated Firewall (UFW)
    3. History
    4. Bibliography
  31. Linux Networking
    1. Generic
      1. systemd
      2. Open vSwitch
      3. ModemManager (Cellular Connectivity)
      4. Change DNS Resolvers
      5. Disable IPv4 or IPv6
    2. Operating System Specific
      1. Debian
      2. RHEL (network-scripts)
    3. SSH
      1. Keys
    4. Troubleshooting
      1. Errors
    5. History
    6. Bibliography
  32. Logging
    1. Overview
    2. collectd
    3. History
    4. Bibliography
  33. Monitoring
    1. Monit
      1. Configuration
    2. History
    3. Bibliography
  34. OpenStack
    1. Introduction
      1. Releases
      2. Services
    2. Configurations
      1. Common
      2. Ironic
      3. Keystone
      4. Nova
      5. Neutron
      6. Ceph
      7. Cinder
      8. Glance
    3. Neutron Troubleshooting
      1. Open vSwitch
    4. cloud-init
    5. Upgrades
    6. Command Line Interface Utilities
    7. Orchestration
      1. Heat
      2. Vagrant
    8. Mistral Workflows
    9. Testing
      1. Manual
      2. Tempest
      3. Rally
    10. Performance
    11. History
    12. Bibliography
  35. OpenStack Contributor
    1. New Contributor
    2. IRC
    3. Git
      1. Gerrit
      2. Git Messages
      3. Release Notes
    4. Bugs
    5. Resources
    6. Specification and Blueprint
    7. Licenses
    8. History
    9. Bibliography
  36. Kolla
    1. Overview
    2. Releases
    3. Kolla-Ansible
      1. Deployment (Quick)
      2. Configuration
    4. History
    5. Bibliography
  37. OpenStack-Ansible
    1. All-in-One (AIO)
    2. Configurations
      1. Neutron
      2. Nova
      3. Ceph
    3. Install
    4. Operations
      1. OpenStack Utilities
      2. Ansible Inventory
      3. Add a Infrastructure Node
      4. Add a Compute Node
      5. Remove a Compute Node
    5. Upgrades
      1. Minor
      2. Major
    6. History
    7. Bibliography
  38. TripleO
    1. Introduction
      1. Red Hat OpenStack Platform Releases
    2. Historical Milestones
      1. Upstream
      2. Downstream
    3. Repositories
      1. Upstream
      2. Downstream
    4. Deployment (Quick)
      1. Packstack
      2. TripleO Quickstart
      3. Standalone
      4. InfraRed 2
    5. Deployment (Full)
      1. Undercloud
      2. Overcloud (Provision Nodes with Ironic)
      3. Overcloud (Pre-deployed/provisioned Nodes)
    6. Operations
      1. Updates (Minor)
      2. Upgrades (Major)
      3. Add a Compute Node
      4. Remove a Compute Node
      5. Rebooting the Cloud
      6. Ansible Playbooks (config-download)
    7. Configurations
      1. Composable Roles
      2. OpenStack Services
      3. Networks
      4. Containers
      5. Packages
      6. Ceph
      7. Overcloud (cloud-init)
      8. Minions
      9. Scaling (Large Overcloud)
      10. Puppet
      11. Lab Tips
    8. Troubleshooting
      1. Service Telemetry Framework
      2. Tips
      3. Errors
    9. OpenShift on OpenStack
    10. History
    11. Bibliography
  39. C and C++
    1. Introduction
    2. Tutorials
    3. Data Types
      1. Arrays
      2. Vectors (C++)
      3. Pointers
      4. Structures and Unions
      5. Scope
    4. Conditionals
      1. Operators
      2. If
      3. Switch
      4. For
      5. While
    5. Libraries
      1. stdlib
    6. Input and Output
      1. Terminal
      2. Files
    7. History
    8. Bibliography
  40. DevOps
    1. Definition
    2. Books
    3. Methodologies
      1. Agile
    4. Technical Design Document
    5. Integrated Development Environments (IDEs)
      1. Visual Studio Code
    6. Source Control Management
      1. Git Services
      2. Git Workflow
    7. Versioning
      1. Semantic (SemVer)
      2. Calendar Versioning (CalVer)
      3. GitVersion
      4. Unofficial
    8. Object Oriented Programming
    9. Twelve-Factor App Methodology
    10. RESTful APIs
      1. Principles
      2. HTTP Verbs
    11. Big O Notation
    12. Testing
    13. Continuous Integration and Continuous Deployment
      1. CI
      2. CD
    14. Development Environments
    15. Regular Expression
    16. Choosing a Programming Language
      1. Use Case
      2. Popularity
      3. Energy Efficiency
    17. Learning a New Programming Language
    18. Troubleshooting
      1. Errors
    19. History
    20. Bibliography
  41. Go
    1. Tutorials
    2. Installation
    3. Release Cycle
    4. Documentation
    5. Style Guide
      1. Lint
      2. Comments
      3. Variables
    6. Data Types
      1. Overview
      2. Variable Declaration
      3. Structs
      4. Arrays, Slices, and Maps
      5. Pointers
    7. Standard Input and Output
    8. Templating
      1. Functions
      2. Usage and Examples
    9. Arithmetic Math
    10. Functions
    11. Conditionals
      1. Control and Operators
      2. For
      3. If
      4. Switch
    12. File Input and Output
    13. Logging
    14. Testing
    15. Libraries
      1. Standard
    16. History
    17. Bibliography
  42. Machine Learning
    1. Use Cases
    2. Mathematics
    3. Programming Languages
    4. Graphics Card Vendors
    5. Resources
    6. History
    7. Bibliography
  43. Packaging
    1. GPG Keys
      1. Usage
    2. DEB (Debian)
      1. Macros
    3. RPM (Red Hat)
      1. Macros
      2. Directories
      3. Users and Groups
      4. Patches
      5. Examples
      6. Building a RPM
      7. Fedora Packages
      8. Repositories
      9. Troubleshooting
    4. PKGBUILD (Arch Linux)
      1. Creating a PKGBUILD
      2. AUR Submission
      3. Troubleshooting
    5. History
    6. Bibliography
  44. Python
    1. Versions
      1. Choosing a Version
      2. Python 2
      3. Python 4
    2. Installation
    3. PEP
      1. Style Guide for Python Code (PEP 8)
    4. Comments
    5. Data Types
      1. Dictionaries
      2. Slicing
    6. Conditionals
      1. Control and Operators
      2. For
      3. If
      4. While
    7. Standard Input and Output
    8. Files
    9. Functions and Methods
    10. Libraries
      1. Standard
      2. External
    11. Exceptions
    12. Logging
    13. Concurrency
      1. Generators
      2. Threading
      3. Multiprocessing
    14. Object Oriented Programming
      1. Inheritance
    15. Testing
      1. Unit and Integration Tests
      2. Mock
      3. Debugging
    16. PyPI Packaging
    17. Virtual Environments
    18. Troubleshooting
      1. Error Messages
    19. History
    20. Bibliography
  45. Rust
    1. Introduction
    2. Tutorials
    3. Installation
    4. Style Guide
      1. Variables
      2. Comments
      3. rustfmt
      4. Clippy
    5. Data Types
      1. Overview
      2. Variable Declaration
      3. Scope
      4. Arrays
      5. Strings
      6. Structs and Enums
      7. Ownership, References, and Borrowing
    6. Standard Input and Output
      1. Introduction
      2. ANSI Color Codes
    7. Functions
      1. Examples
      2. Macros
    8. Conditionals
      1. Control and Operators
      2. For
      3. If
      4. While and Loop
      5. Match
    9. File Input and Output
    10. Cargo and Crates Packaging
    11. Logging
    12. Testing
    13. Libraries
      1. Custom Modules
      2. Serde
    14. Error Handling
    15. History
    16. Bibliography
  46. Shell
    1. ANSI Colors
    2. Zsh
      1. Differences with Bash
    3. History
    4. Bibliography
  47. Amazon Web Services (AWS)
    1. AWS CLI
    2. History
    3. Bibliography
  48. Microsoft Azure
    1. Pricing
    2. azure-cli (az)
    3. Active Directory (AD)
      1. Comparison with Traditional AD
      2. Domain Names
    4. Storage
      1. Services
      2. Storage Accounts
      3. Networking
    5. History
    6. Bibliography
  49. Authentication
    1. Kerberos
      1. Server
      2. Client
    2. OpenLDAP
      1. Server
    3. FreeIPA
      1. Commands
    4. History
    5. Bibliography
  50. Linux Security
    1. Permissions
      1. User, Group, and Other
    2. Authentication
      1. Passwords
      2. sudo
      3. Kerberos
    3. SSL/TLS Certificates
      1. Certificate Creation
      2. Trusted Certificate Authorities
    4. Encryption
      1. HashiCorp Vault
    5. History
    6. Bibliography
  51. Mandatory Access Control (MAC)
    1. AppArmor
      1. Install
      2. Profiles
      3. Disable
    2. History
    3. Bibliography
  52. Backup and Recovery
    1. Philosophies
      1. 3-2-1
    2. Btrfs
      1. grub-btrfs
    3. Clonezilla
      1. Introduction
      2. Drive to Drive
    4. History
    5. Bibliography
  53. Bootloaders
    1. GRUB 1
      1. Installation
      2. Recovery
    2. GRUB 2
      1. Installation
      2. Configuration
      3. UEFI Boot Name
      4. Recovery
      5. USB Installation with Both Legacy BIOS and UEFI Support
      6. Linux Boot Order
    3. Secure Boot
      1. Self Signing
    4. Troubleshooting
      1. Errors
    5. History
    6. Bibliography
  54. Ceph
    1. Introduction
    2. Releases
    3. Installation
      1. Quick
      2. ceph-ansible (<= Octopus)
    4. CRUSH Map
      1. Devices
      2. Bucket Types
      3. Bucket Instances
      4. Rules
    5. Repair
    6. libvirt
    7. CephFS
    8. History
    9. Bibliography
  55. File Systems
    1. Partition Table
    2. Types
      1. Btrfs
      2. exFAT
      3. ext4
      4. NTFS
      5. OpenZFS
      6. Swap
    3. RAIDs
      1. mdadm
    4. Network
      1. NFS
      2. GlusterFS
      3. SMB
      4. iSCSI
    5. Encrypted Partitions
      1. Linux Unified Key Setup (LUKS)
    6. Mounting
      1. Image Files
    7. Filesystem Hierarchy Standard
    8. Troubleshooting
      1. Errors
    9. History
    10. Bibliography
  56. Android
    1. Android Debug Bridge (ADB)
      1. Bootloader Unlock
      2. Custom Recovery Image
      3. Custom ROM
    2. App Stores
      1. Amazon Appstore
      2. APKUpdater
      3. Aptoide
      4. F-Droid
      5. Google Play
    3. Apps
      1. GCam
      2. Google Meet
    4. Linux
      1. Termux (PRroot)
    5. Raspberry Pi
    6. Troubleshooting
      1. Errors
    7. History
    8. Bibliography
  57. Arch Linux
    1. ISO
    2. Faster Updates
      1. Mirrors
      2. Parallel Downloads
    3. Pacman GPG Keyrings
    4. Arch Linux User Repository (AUR)
      1. Package Managers
      2. Chaotic AUR Repository
    5. Linux Kernels
    6. History
    7. Bibliography
  58. Asahi Linux
    1. Introduction
    2. Installation
    3. Uninstallation
    4. Boot
    5. History
    6. Bibliography
  59. Chromium OS
    1. Support
      1. Update Channels
    2. Keyboard Shortcuts
    3. Powerwash
    4. Developer Mode
      1. Enable Developer Mode
      2. Boot
      3. Bootloaders
      4. Terminal
      5. SSH Server
      6. Updates
      7. Package Managers
      8. Writable and Executable File Systems
    5. Chromium OS Development
      1. Development Environment
      2. Finding the Stable Branch or Tag
      3. Installation and Recovery Image
      4. Linux Kernel
      5. Brunch
    6. Linux
      1. Crostini
      2. Crouton
    7. Features
    8. Upcoming Features
    9. Troubleshooting
      1. Errors
    10. History
    11. Bibliography
  60. Fedora
    1. Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL)
    2. Releases
    3. Set root Password
    4. Remove Flathub Filter
    5. Disable Automatic System Updates
    6. Workstation Upgrades
    7. Rawhide
      1. Introduction
      2. Switch to and from Rawhide
    8. rpm-ostree (Fedora Silverblue)
      1. Spins
      2. Dual Booting
      3. RPM GPG Keys
      4. Writable File System
      5. Build
      6. Reset
      7. Upgrades
    9. History
    10. Bibliography
  61. macOS
    1. Window Positioning
      1. Rectangle
    2. Rosetta
      1. Rosetta 1
      2. Rosetta 2
    3. Xcode
    4. Homebrew
    5. History
    6. Bibliography
  62. Raspberry Pi OS
    1. Downloads
      1. Official
      2. Unofficial
    2. SSH
    3. Wi-Fi
    4. Upgrades
      1. Minor
    5. Projects
      1. LightShow Pi
    6. History
    7. Bibliography
  63. SteamOS 3
    1. Game Mode
      1. Introduction
      2. Supported Controllers
      3. Shortcuts
      4. Decky Loader
    2. Desktop Mode
      1. Enable Developer Mode
      2. Enter Desktop Mode
      3. Default User Account
      4. Move Shader Cache
      5. Transfer Files with SFTP
      6. Remote Desktop
      7. Enable TPM
      8. Disable SteamOS Updates
      9. Disable Steam Client Updates
      10. Enable the Pacman Package Manager
    3. Steam Deck BIOS
      1. Boot into External Storage
      2. Increase Swap Size and VRAM
      3. Undervolting
    4. History
    5. Bibliography
  64. Containers
    1. Images
      1. Bootstrap an Operating System
    2. Registries
      1. Insecure
    3. Container Runtimes
      1. runC and crun
    4. Container Runtime Interfaces (CRIs)
      1. containerd (docker)
      2. CRI-O
    5. Container Engines
      1. Docker Engine
      2. Container Tools (buildah, podman, and skopeo)
      3. LXC
    6. Wrappers
      1. Introduction
      2. Distrobox
      3. Toolbox
    7. Troubleshooting
      1. Errors
    8. History
    9. Bibliography
  65. Kubernetes Administration
    1. Architecture
      1. Kubernetes
      2. k3s
      3. OpenShift
      4. Tanzu
    2. Releases
      1. Kubernetes
      2. OpenShift
      3. Tanzu
    3. Installation
      1. minikube
      2. kubeadm
      3. k3s
      4. Minishift
      5. CodeReady Containers (CRC)
      6. kind
      7. OpenShift Ansible
      8. Tanzu
    4. Uninstall
      1. minikube
      2. CodeReady Containers (CRC)
      3. kubeadm
      4. k3s
      5. kind
      6. Tanzu
    5. Upgrade
      1. Introduction
      2. minikube
      3. kubeadm
      4. k3s
      5. kind
    6. Ingress Controllers
      1. Introduction
      2. Contour
      3. NGINX
      4. Traefik
    7. Concepts
      1. Admission Controllers
      2. Container Network Interface (CNI) Plugins
      3. CoreDNS
      4. Service LoadBalancers
      5. cert-manager
      6. Container Registries
      7. Serverless
      8. Tanzu Administration
    8. Troubleshooting
      1. Errors
    9. History
    10. Bibliography
  66. Kubernetes Development
    1. API
      1. Stability
      2. Types
      3. Resources
      4. Imperative and Declarative Configuration
    2. API Resources
      1. Cluster
      2. Config and Storage
      3. Metadata
      4. Service
      5. Workloads
      6. Third-Party
      7. OpenShift
      8. VMware Tanzu
      9. (Common Recurring Fields)
    3. Concepts
      1. Popular APIs
      2. Labels and Annotations
      3. Namespaces
      4. Image Pull Secrets (imagePullSecrets)
      5. Persistent Storage
      6. Service and Ingress (Public Networking)
      7. Pod Scheduling
      8. Helm (Package Manager)
      9. Serverless
      10. Cloud Native Buildpacks (CNB)
      11. Best Practices
      12. Security Best Practices
      13. Tanzu
      14. K8ssandra
    4. Installation
      1. kubectl (CLI)
      2. helm (CLI)
    5. History
    6. Bibliography
  67. Kubernetes Security
    1. User Accounts
      1. Role-Based Access Control (RBAC)
      2. Creating Certificates and Users
    2. Automatic TLS Certificate Creation with cert-manager
    3. Secrets Encryption at Rest
    4. History
    5. Bibliography
  68. Virtual Machines
    1. libvirt
      1. VNC
    2. Hardware Virtualization
      1. KVM
      2. Xen
    3. Orchestration
      1. Manual
      2. Anaconda
      3. Terraform
      4. Vagrant
    4. GUI
      1. GNOME Boxes
      2. oVirt
      3. Proxmox Virutal Environment (VE)
      4. Virtual Machine Manager (virt-manager)
      5. VMware vSphere
    5. Troubleshooting
      1. Errors
    6. History
    7. Bibliography
  69. Wine
    1. Introduction
    2. Installation
      1. Binary Packages
      2. Compile From Source Code
    3. Configuration
      1. Environment Variables
      2. Wayland Support
    4. Graphics Translations
      1. Introduction
      2. OpenGL
      3. D8VK
      4. DXVK
    5. Forks
    6. Frameworks
      1. Lutris
      2. PlayOnLinux 4
      3. Steam Play
    7. Game Bans
    8. History
    9. Bibliography
  70. Windows Display
    1. HDR
      1. Enable HDR10
      2. Enable Dolby Vision
    2. History
    3. Bibliography
  71. Windows Editions
    1. Updates
      1. End-of-Life Dates
      2. Disable Updates
    2. NT 10 (Windows 10 and 11)
      1. Long-Term Servicing Channel (LTSC)
    3. Downloads
    4. History
    5. Bibliography
  72. Windows Performance Tuning
    1. Introduction
    2. Power Plans
    3. Fast Startup
    4. Replace Microsoft Defender
    5. Disable Virtualization-Based Security (Windows >= 11)
    6. Disable Startup Applications
    7. Disable Background Applications (Windows >= 10)
    8. Disable Scheduled Tasks
    9. Uninstall Programs
    10. Scan for Viruses
    11. Defragment HDDs
    12. Windows Updates
      1. Check for Updates
      2. Disable Windows Updates
    13. Increase Page File Size
    14. Disable Windows Search Indexing
    15. Disable Windows Tips (Windows >= 8.1)
    16. History
    17. Bibliography
  73. Windows Security
    1. Antivirus
      1. Microsoft Defender Antivirus
    2. User Account Control (UAC)
      1. Disable
    3. History
    4. Bibliography
  74. Windows Storage
    1. System Restore Point
    2. Page (Swap) File
    3. BitLocker
    4. Linux File Systems
      1. NFS
      2. Zone Identifier Files
    5. Bootloader
    6. History
    7. Bibliography
  75. Windows Virtualization
    1. Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL)
      1. Fedora
    2. History
    3. Bibliography
  76. Clustering
    1. IPVS
      1. ipvsadm
    2. History
  77. Compression
    1. bzip
      1. bzip2
    2. cpio
      1. cpio
    3. dtrx
      1. dtrx
    4. gzip
      1. gzip
      2. pigz
    5. rar
      1. rar
      2. unrar
    6. star
      1. star
    7. tar
      1. tar
    8. xz
      1. xz
    9. zip
      1. unzip
      2. jar
      3. zip
    10. History
  78. Configuration Management
    1. Ansible
      1. ansible
      2. ansible-config
      3. ansible-doc
      4. ansible-playbook
      5. ansible-tower-service
      6. ansible-vault
      7. awx-manage
      8. molecule
      9. setup.sh
      10. tower-cli
    2. Puppet
      1. facter
      2. puppet
    3. History
  79. Firewalls
    1. iptables
      1. iptables
      2. iptables (example)
      3. iptables –policy
      4. iptables-save
    2. Firewalld
      1. firewall-cmd
      2. firewall-cmd –add-rich-rule
      3. firewall-config
    3. Uncomplicated Firewall
      1. ufw
    4. History
  80. Hardware
    1. North Bridge
      1. dmidecode
      2. lspci
      3. lscpu
      4. lsusb
      5. sensors-detect
      6. sensors
      7. stress
      8. stress-ng
      9. netio
      10. i8kctl
    2. Audio
      1. alsamixer
      2. speaker-test
    3. Graphics
      1. intel-gpu-tools
      2. nvidia-smi
      3. aticonfig
      4. radeontop
      5. xrandr
      6. glxinfo
      7. obmenu-generator
      8. mhwd
    4. IPMI
      1. ipmitool
      2. ipmitool lan
    5. History
  81. OpenStack
    1. Utilities
      1. openstack-service
      2. openstack-status
      3. openstack-config (crudini)
      4. ostestr
      5. ospurge
      6. openstack
      7. packstack
    2. Keystone
      1. openstack user
      2. openstack project
      3. openstack role
      4. openstack token
      5. openstack endpoint
    3. Glance
      1. openstack image
    4. Cinder
      1. openstack volume
    5. Nova
      1. openstack host
      2. openstack hypervisor
      3. openstack console
      4. openstack usage
      5. openstack keypair
      6. openstack server
      7. nova
    6. Neutron
      1. openstack port-*
      2. openstack firewall
      3. openstack floating ip
      4. openstack network
      5. neutron
    7. Ironic
      1. openstack baremetal
    8. Ceilometer
      1. ceilometer
    9. Heat
      1. openstack stack
    10. Swift
      1. openstack object
    11. TripleO
      1. openstack undercloud
      2. openstack overcloud
      3. openstack tripleo
      4. tripleo-ansible-inventory
    12. InfraRed
      1. infrared
      2. infrared plugin
      3. infrared virsh
      4. infrared openstack
      5. infrared tripleo-undercloud
      6. infrared tripleo-overcloud
    13. History
  82. Package Managers
    1. Arch Linux
      1. pacman
      2. yay
      3. paccache
      4. makepkg
      5. pkgfile
      6. pacman-key
    2. Debian
      1. apt-get
      2. apt-cache
      3. apt-file
      4. dpkg
      5. apt-mirror
      6. debootstrap
      7. dh_make
      8. mk-build-deps
      9. dpkg-buildpackage
      10. snappy
    3. Fedora
      1. dnf
      2. yum
      3. rpm
      4. yum-complete-transaction
      5. repoquery
      6. rpmbuild
      7. yum-builddep
      8. yumdownloader
      9. centos-upgrade-tool-cli
      10. fedup
      11. createrepo
      12. subscription-manager
      13. subscription-manager-gui
      14. scl
      15. mock
      16. package-cleanup
      17. dnf system-uprade
      18. ostree
      19. rpm-ostree
    4. Flatpak
      1. flatpak
    5. FreeBSD
      1. pkg
      2. freebsd-update
    6. openSUSE
      1. zypper
    7. Programming Languages
      1. Python
      2. Ruby
      3. gem
    8. fpm
    9. Source Code
      1. ./configure
      2. make
      3. gcc
      4. g++
    10. History
  83. Permissions
    1. Users and Groups
      1. su
      2. sg
      3. id
      4. groupmems
      5. useradd
      6. usermod
      7. userdel
      8. passwd
      9. groupadd
      10. groupmod
      11. groupdel
      12. gpasswd
      13. chage
      14. pwck
      15. vipw
      16. authconfig-tui
      17. capabilities
    2. Ownership
      1. stat
      2. chown
      3. chmod
      4. getfacl
      5. setfacl
      6. umask
      7. lsattr
      8. chattr
      9. setfattr
    3. SELinux
      1. getenforce
      2. setenforce
      3. sealert
      4. semanage
      5. chcon
      6. restorecon
      7. setsebool
    4. History
  84. Phones
    1. Android
      1. adb
      2. fastboot
    2. History
  85. Security
    1. Anti-Virus
      1. clamscan
    2. Audit
      1. auditctl
      2. ausearch
    3. Kerberos
      1. kadmin (Command)
      2. kadmin (Interactive)
      3. klist
      4. kdestroy
    4. Local System
      1. genkey
      2. gpg
      3. lastb
      4. lastlog
      5. sudo
    5. History
  86. Source Code Management
    1. git
      1. git
      2. git remote
      3. git config
      4. git clone
      5. git pull
      6. git add
      7. git commit
      8. git push
      9. git branch
      10. git tag
      11. git checkout
      12. git merge
      13. git reset
      14. git clean
      15. git stash
      16. git fsck
      17. git count-objects
      18. git log
      19. git show
      20. git blame
      21. git review
      22. git reflog
      23. git rebase
      24. git cherry-pick
    2. History
  87. Storage
    1. Partitioning
      1. cfdisk
      2. fdisk
      3. parted
      4. mkfs.btrfs
      5. btrfs
      6. mkfs.ext4
      7. mkswap
      8. swapon
      9. partclone
      10. mount
      11. umount
      12. lsblk
      13. blkid
      14. touch /forcefsck
      15. dd
      16. df
      17. du
      18. ncdu
      19. testdisk
      20. fsck
      21. dumpe2fs
      22. dmesg
      23. mkisofs
      24. lsof
      25. fuser
      26. iostat
      27. partprobe
      28. smartctl
      29. kpartx
      30. losetup
      31. xfs_admin
      32. e2label
      33. mdadm
      34. ssm
      35. cryptsetup
      36. od
      37. gddrescue
      38. ddrescue
      39. guestfish
      40. guestmount
      41. guestunmount
    2. LVM
      1. pvcreate
      2. pvremove
      3. pvdisplay
      4. vgcreate
      5. vgdisplay
      6. vgrename
      7. lvcreate
      8. lvrename
      9. lvresize
      10. lvextend
      11. lvreduce
      12. lvremove
      13. lvconvert
      14. lvchange
    3. Boot Loaders
      1. grub-customizer
      2. gnome-disks
      3. grub2-mkconfig
      4. grub-update
      5. grubby
      6. (GRUB Rescue Prompt)
      7. dracut
    4. Ceph
      1. ceph-deploy
      2. ceph
      3. ceph-osd
      4. rbd
      5. rados
    5. iSCSI
      1. targetcli (interactive)
      2. iscsiadm
    6. Windows Partitioning
      1. fatresize
      2. mkdosfs
      3. mkfs.ntfs
      4. mount -t ntfs-3g
      5. ms-sys
    7. History
  88. Text Editors
    1. Vim
      1. vim (Command)
      2. vim (Interactive)
    2. History
  89. Virtualization
    1. Containers
      1. buildah
      2. crictl
      3. docker
      4. etcdctl
      5. kubeadm
      6. kubectl
      7. minikube
      8. oc
      9. podman
    2. oVirt
      1. hosted-engine
    3. QEMU
      1. guestfish
      2. qemu-img
      3. virsh
      4. virt-customize
      5. virt-edit
      6. virt-filesystems
      7. virt-install
      8. virt-resize
      9. virt-sysprep
      10. virt-xml
      11. virt-xml-validate
    4. Terraform
      1. terraform
    5. Vagrant
      1. vagrant
    6. WINE
      1. wine
      2. winetricks
    7. History